{"id":678,"date":"2022-05-29T02:27:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-29T02:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medical.oceanwp.org\/?p=78"},"modified":"2022-06-15T09:03:01","modified_gmt":"2022-06-15T09:03:01","slug":"kaj-je-cnc-stroj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mlm-engineering.com\/cs\/kaj-je-cnc-stroj\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je to stroj CNC?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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CNC stroj je po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd stroj pro obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed mechanick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Zkratka CNC poch\u00e1z\u00ed z anglick\u00e9ho term\u00ednu\u00a0Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslicov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/a>. Samotn\u00fd term\u00edn nazna\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto stroj\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s numerick\u00fdmi metodami. Ty zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 softwarov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 tyto stroje a jejich kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u0159\u00edd\u00ed a monitoruj\u00ed. O pohyby n\u00e1stroj\u016f se staraj\u00ed servomotory nebo krokov\u00e9 motory. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed elektronick\u00e1 jednotka CNC stroje se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 CNC Controller a lze ji ch\u00e1pat jako jak\u00fdsi mezi\u010dl\u00e1nek mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a servomotory nebo krokov\u00fdmi motory, kter\u00e9 se staraj\u00ed o pohyby pod\u00e9l v\u0161ech definovan\u00fdch os CNC stroje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00fd je princip fungov\u00e1n\u00ed CNC stroje?<\/h2>

Principem \u010dinnosti CNC stroje je p\u0159esn\u00e9 obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd je upnut up\u00ednac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, jen\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee materi\u00e1l nebo obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt je v pevn\u00e9 poloze. Obrobek se um\u00edst\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edsto a z\u016fstane tam a\u017e do konce obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji sta\u010d\u00ed, aby stojan CNC m\u011bnil polohu n\u00e1stroje pod\u00e9l t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch os, a to ve sm\u011bru X, Y a Z. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee je obr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bno na stroji CNC, je nutn\u00e9, aby byl obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed stroj um\u00edst\u011bn v jin\u00e9 poloze. Dnes jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b na trhu velmi pokro\u010dil\u00e9 CNC stroje, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pohyb n\u00e1stroje ve v\u00edce os\u00e1ch, ty se mohou pohybovat a\u017e v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch os\u00e1ch a nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed stroje se mohou pohybovat i ve v\u00edce ne\u017e osmi sm\u011brech, co\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podpo\u0159eno\u00a0\u0158\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka CNC<\/a>. Na rozd\u00edl od robot\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou rovn\u011b\u017e po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 stroje a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se hlavn\u011b ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch link\u00e1ch, CNC stroje maj\u00ed obrobek obvykle upevn\u011bn\u00fd v komo\u0159e a obsluha jej ru\u010dn\u011b um\u00eds\u0165uje a vyj\u00edm\u00e1 z obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edho prostoru.<\/p>

Jak\u00e9 jsou hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti stroje CNC?<\/h2>

Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, z\u00e1kladem pro programov\u00e1n\u00ed CNC stroje je po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program. K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed pl\u00e1nu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed softwarov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje CAD-CAM. Tyto v\u00fdkresy s pl\u00e1nem se p\u0159evedou na G-k\u00f3d, kter\u00e9mu rozum\u00ed CNC stroj. G-k\u00f3d ud\u00e1v\u00e1 polohy os, po kter\u00fdch se pohybuje hlava stroje. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek n\u00e1m tedy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 novou polohu osy stroje. M-k\u00f3d naproti tomu definuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 funkce, kter\u00e9 se mohou t\u00fdkat spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, zastaven\u00ed, rychlosti posuvu, v\u00fdm\u011bny n\u00e1stroje, otev\u0159en\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed komory atd. Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto softwarov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed CNC je Mach3, nebo je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe jeho modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verze.\u00a0Mach4<\/a>.<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je mechanick\u00e1 konstrukce stroje. Ta je nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro vysokou p\u0159esnost a robustnost p\u0159i nekone\u010dn\u00fdch iterac\u00edch pohyb\u016f os. Zejm\u00e9na tuhost mechanick\u00e9 konstrukce stroje je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro p\u0159esnost a opakovatelnost. Vzhledem k vysok\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jsou CNC stroje v\u011bt\u0161inou masivn\u00ed a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Mechanick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed pro dlouhou \u017eivotnost pravidelnou a pe\u010dlivou \u00fadr\u017ebu v p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch po\u010dtu hodin odpracovan\u00fdch strojem. \u00dadr\u017eba mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pe\u010dliv\u011b na\u010dasov\u00e1na i ve v\u00fdrob\u011b.<\/p>

Zdroj: http:\/\/www.woodfloorsinseattle.com\/kaj-je-cnc-stroj-osnovne-informacije\/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CNC stroj je ra\u010dunalni\u0161ko podprt stroj za strojno izvajanje mehanskih del. CNC okraj\u0161ava prihaja iz angle\u0161kega izraza Computer Numerical Control. Izraz \u017ee sam po sebi nakazuje osnovni princip delovanja teh strojev. Gre torej za ra\u010dunalnik z numeri\u010do podprtimi metodami. Za te poskrbi temu namenjeno programsko orodje, ki te stroje in njihove klju\u010dne komponente krmili in nadzira. 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